Àâòîðñüêèé êîëåêòèâ:
Âñòóï - ïðîôåñîð Â.Áàêiðîâ, ïðîôåñîð Ì.Ñàçîíîâ Ì.I, ïðîôåñîð Î.Ôiñóí, êàíäèäàò ïîëiòè÷íèõ íàóê Â.Øåâ÷åíêî; ãë. ²², ²²I, IV - ïðîôåñîð Ì.Ñàçîíîâ; ãë. V - äîöåíò Î.Äîâáíÿ; ãë. VI: ïàðàãðàô 1,3 - ïðîôåñîð Î.Ôiñóí, ïàðàãðàô 2 - Î.Ôiñóí, íàóêîâèé ñïiâðîáiòíèê Â.Øóâàåâ, ïàðàãðàô 4 - ïðîôåñîð Î.Ôiñóí, êàíäèäàò ïîëiòè÷íèõ íàóê Â.Øåâ÷óê; ãë. VII - äîöåíòè Â.×óá, Â.Êàëèíîâñüêèé; ãë. VIII - ïðîôåñîð Ì.Øàïîâàëåíêî; ãë. IX - äîöåíò Ò. Àâêñåíòüºâà; ãë. Õ - ïðîôåñîð Â.Áàêiðîâ, ïðîôåñîð Î.Ôiñóí; ãë. Õ² -ïðîôåñîð Î.Ëèòâèíåíêî, êàíäèäàò åêîíîìi÷íèõ íàóê Â.Ïàëàìàð÷óê; ãë. Õ²² - ïðîôåñîð Î. Ôiñóí; ãë. ÕÏI - ïðîôåñîð Ë.Ãåðàñiíà.
Ç̲ÑÒ
ÂÑÒÓÏ......6
Ðîçä³ë 1. ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×Ͳ ÏÅÐÑÏÅÊÒÈÂÈ.....12
Ãëàâà 1. ÀÍÀË²Ç ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ Ó ÏÎвÂÍßËÜͲÉ
ÏÎ˲ÒÎËÎò¯: ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ϲÄÕÎÄÈ ² ÊÎÍÖÅÏÖ²¯.....12
1. ÒÅÎÐ²ß "ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ" Ó ÊÎÍÒÅÊÑÒ²
ÅÂÎËÞÖ²¯ ÏÎвÂÍßËÜÍί ÏÎ˲ÒÎËÎò¯...... 12
2. ÊËÀÑÈ×Ͳ ÒÅÎв¯ "ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ"....... 18
3. ÒÈÏÎËÎÃ²ß ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ ...... 29
4. Íβ ϲÄÕÎÄÈ ÄÎ ÂÈÂ×ÅÍÍß ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ...... 43
Ãëàâà 2. ÃËÎÁÀ˲ÇÀÖ²ß ² ÂËÀÄÀ.....49
1. ÏÐÈÐÎÄÀ ² ÑÓÒÜ ÃËÎÁÀ˲ÇÀÖ²¯ .......49
2. ÌÅÒÀÌÎÐÔÎÇÈ ÂËÀÄÈ Â ÓÌÎÂÀÕ ÃËÎÁÀ˲ÇÀÖ²¯.....63
Ðîçä³ë 2. ÇÀÕ²ÄͲ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯........ 79
Ãëàâà 3. ˲ÁÅÐÀËÜÍÀ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß - ÌÎÄÅËÜ
ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍÎÃÎ ÓÑÒÐÎÞ ÊÐÀ¯Í ÇÀÕÎÄÓ..........79
1. ˲ÁÅÐÀ˲ÇÌ - ²ÄÅÉÍÀ ÎÑÍÎÂÀ ÑÓ×ÀÑÍί ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯..........82
2. ÑÓ×ÀÑÍÀ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß: ÑÓÒͲÑÒÜ ² ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ...........90
Ãëàâà 4. ÌÅÄÈÑÎͲÂÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß ÑÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÈÕ ØÒÀҲ ÀÌÅÐÈÊÈ ..... 118
1. ÑÒÂÎÐÅÍÍß ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ ² ¯¯ ÊÎÍÑÒÈÒÓÖ²¯....... 118
2. ÐÎÇIJËÅÍÀ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß ............ 128
2.1. ÔÅÄÅÐÀ˲ÇÌ ............. 128
2.2. ÊÎÍÃÐÅÑ ² ÏÐÅÇÈÄÅÍÒ:
ÑÒÎÑÓÍÊÈ ÑϲÂÐÎÁ²ÒÍÈÖÒÂÀ ² ÊÎÍÔ˲ÊÒÓ................ 136
2.3. ÑÓÄÎÂÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ............149
2.4. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÏÀÐÒ²¯.............160
Ãëàâà 5. ÂÅÑÒ̲ÍÑÒÅÐÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß..... 174
1. ÂÈÒÎÊÈ Ë²ÁÅÐÀËÜÍί ÍÀÖ²¯-ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ Ó ÂÅËÈÊ²É ÁÐÈÒÀͲ¯..... 174
2. ÑÏÎËÓ×ÅÍÅ ÊÎÐÎ˲ÂÑÒÂÎ ×ÎÒÈÐÜÎÕ ÍÀÖ²É......184
3. ÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÍß ² ÑÓ×ÀÑÍÈÉ ÑÒÀÍ
ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ÂÅËÈÊί ÁÐÈÒÀͲ¯..... 186
3.1. ÌÎÍÀÐÕ²ß ......... 188
3.2. ÏÀÐËÀÌÅÍÒ.......... 191
3.3. ÂÈÊÎÍÀÂ×À ÂËÀÄÀ Ó ÂÅËÈÊ²É ÁÐÈÒÀͲ¯....... 200
3.4. ÑÓÄÎÂÎ-ÏÐÀÂÎÂÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ........... 204
3.5 ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÏÀÐÒ²¯ ......... 207
Ãëàâà 6. ÔÐÀÍÖ²ß: ÊËÀÑÈ×ÍÀ ÐÅÑÏÓÁ˲ÊÀÍÑÜÊÀ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß 223
1. ÇÀÃÀËÜͲ ÐÈÑÈ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÐÎÇÂÈÒÊÓ ..........223
1.2. ÑÏÅÖÈÔ²ÊÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÓ ........... 223
1.3. ²ÑÒÎÐÈÊÎ-ÊÎÍÑÒÈÒÓÖ²ÉÍÀ ÄÈÍÀ̲ÊÀ
ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÕ ÐÅÆÈ̲ ..........229
2. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ²ÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÈ: ÏÐÅÇÈÄÅÍÒ, ÏÀÐËÀÌÅÍÒ, ÀÄ̲ͲÑÒÐÀÒÈÂÍÎ-
ÒÅÐÈÒÎвÀËÜÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ........... 234
2.1. ²ÍÑÒÈÒÓÖ²ÎÍÀËÜͲ ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ²
ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ Ï'ßÒί ÐÅÑÏÓÁ˲ÊÈ ........... 234
2.2. ÂÈÊÎÍÀÂ×À ÂËÀÄÀ:ÏÐÅÇÈÄÅÍÒ ² ÓÐßÄ..........236
2.3. ÇÀÊÎÍÎÄÀÂ×À ÂËÀÄÀ........241
2.4. ÑÓÄÎÂÀ ÂËÀÄÀ..........243
2.5. ÀÄ̲ͲÑÒÐÀÒÈÂÍÎ-ÒÅÐÈÒÎвÀËÜÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ........245
3. ÏÀÐÒ²ÉÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ: ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÃÐÀÂÖ²
É ²ÍÑÒÈÒÓÖ²ÎÍÀËÜͲ ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ²..............247
4. Íβ ÂÈÊËÈÊÈ ÔÐÀÍÖÓÇÜÊί ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯...... 259
Ãëàâà7. ÔÅÄÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÀ ÐÅÑÏÓÁ˲ÊÀ ͲÌÅ××ÈÍÀ: ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ß,
ÊÎÐÏÎÐÀÒȲÇÌ, ÔÅÄÅÐÀ˲ÇÌ............ 268
1. ÄÆÅÐÅËÀ ͲÌÅÖÜÊί ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÒÐÀÄÈÖ²¯ ........268
2. ˲ÁÅÐÀËÜÍÈÉ ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÈÇÌ .......270
3. ÍÅÂÄÀËÈÉ ÄÎÑÂ²Ä ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÐÅÆÈÌÓ ........275
4. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÀ ÌÎÄÅÐͲÇÀÖ²ß. ÐÅÖÅÏÖ²ß ÎÕÎÐÎÍÈ
ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯......281
5. ͲÌÅÖÜÊÀ ÌÎÄÅËÜ Å˲ÒÈÑÒÑÜÊί ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯............287
6. ÔÅÄÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÈÉ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ.......291
7. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÏÀÐÒ²¯ ² ÑÒÀÁ²ËÜͲÑÒÜ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ .........298
8. ÏÐÀÂβ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏÈ ÄÅÐÆÀÂÈ.
9. ÑÓÄÎÂÀ ÂËÀÄÀ......305
Ãëàâà 8. ÊÀÍÀÄÀ: Ì²Æ ÊÎÐÎÍÎÞ ² ˲ÁÅÐÀËÜÍÎÞ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²ªÞ 317
1. ÊÎÍÑÒÈÒÓÖ²ÉͲ ÎÑÍÎÂÈ ÏÀÐËÀÌÅÍÒÀÐÈÇÌÓ
ÒÀ ÔÅÄÅÐÀ˲ÇÌÓ ÊÀÍÀÄÈ..........317
2. ÌÓËÜÒÈÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÈÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀ˲ÇÌ
ßÊ ÎÑÍÎÂÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ.............. 327
3. ÌÓËÜÒÈÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ˲ÇÌ ßÊ ÏÐÈÍÖÈÏ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Íί ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ......... 334
4. ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÇÀÊÎÍÎÄÀÂ×ί ² ÂÈÊÎÍÀÂ×ί ÂËÀÄÈ ÊÀÍÀÄÈ......... 338
5. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÏÀÐÒ²¯ ² ÂÈÁÎÐ×À ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÊÀÍÀÄÈ.......... 358
6. ÑÓÄÎÂÀ ÂËÀÄÀ.......... 366
Ðîçä³ë 3. Â²Ä ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐÈÇÌÓ ÄÎ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯ 371
Ãëàâà9. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐÈÇÌÓ 371
1. ÅÒÈÌÎËÎÃ²ß ÏÎÍßÒÒß "ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐÈÇÌ"
² ÉÎÃÎ ÒÅÎÐÅÒÈ×ÍÀ ÐÎÇÐÎÁÊÀ ..........371
2. ÒÈÏÎËÎò×Ͳ ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐÈÇÌÓ ..............374
3. ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐÈÇÌ ßÊ ÖȲ˲ÇÀÖ²ÉÍÎ-ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÈÉ
ÔÅÍÎÌÅÍ............ 374
3.1. ÏÎ˲ÒÈÊÎ-²ÍÑÒÈÒÓÖ²ÎÍÀËÜͲ ÀÑÏÅÊÒÈ ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐÈÇÌÓ........... 383
4. ÒÎÒÀ˲ÒÀÐͲ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ
Ó ÑÓ×ÀÑÍÎÌÓ Ñ²Ҳ.............390
Ãëàâà 10. ÏÎÑÒÊÎÌÓͲÑÒÈ×Ͳ ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÖ²¯
² ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒÈÇÀÖ²ß .............407
1. ÃÅÍÅÇÈÑ ² ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÒÐÅÒÜί ÕÂÈ˲ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯.......... 407
2. ÑÏÅÖÈÔ²ÊÀ ÏÎÑÒÊÎÌÓͲÑÒÈ×Íί ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒÈÇÀÖ²¯..............415
3. ÔÀÇÈ É ÅÒÀÏÈ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÒÐÀÍÇÈÒÓ ............418
4. ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÈ ÊÎÍÑÎ˲ÄÀÖ²¯ ÒÐÀÍÇÈÒÈÂÍÈÕ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²É...............425
5. ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÏÎÑÒÐÀÄßÍÑÜÊÈÕ ÒÐÀÍÑÔÎÐÌÀÖ²É.........429
Ãëàâà 11. ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ ÍÀ ØËßÕÓ ÄÎ ÄÅÌÎÊÐÀÒ²¯ 437
1. ÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÍß É ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÏÀÐÀÌÅÒÐÈ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ
ÄÅÐÆÀÂÍί ÂËÀÄÈ Â ÍÅÇÀËÅÆÍ²É ÓÊÐÀ¯Í².........437
2. ÑÎÖ²ÎÊÓËÜÒÓÐͲ ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÑÓ×ÀÑÍί ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ ............444
3. ÏÀÐÒ²ÉÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ.......... 451
4. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÉ ÊËÀÑ ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÈ: ÒÅÍÄÅÍÖ²¯ ÅÂÎËÞÖ²¯ ............455
5. ÎÑÍÎÂͲ ÑÓÑϲËÜÍÎ-ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÐÅÇÓËÜÒÀÒÈ ÏÐÅÇÈÄÅÍÒÑÜÊÈÕ
ÂÈÁÎв 2004 ð............457
Ðîçä³ë 4. ÍÅÇÀÕ²ÄÍÈÉ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÉ ÏÐÎÖÅÑ........467
Ãëàâà 12. ÍÅÎÏÀÒÐÈÌÎͲÀËÜͲ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÐÅÆÈÌÈ..........467
1. ÇÀÃÀËÜÍÀ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÒÅÎв¯ ÌÎÄÅÐͲÇÀÖ²¯........... 467
2. ÒÈÏÎËÎÃ²ß ÌÎÄÅÐͲÇÀÖ²ÉÍÈÕ ÏÐÎÖÅѲ ...........476
3. ÍÅÎÏÀÒÐÈÌÎͲÀ˲ÇÌ ...........486
4. ÒÈÏÎËÎÃ²ß ÀÔÐÎ-ÀDzÀÒÑÜÊÈÕ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÕ ÐÅÆÈ̲ ........495
Ãëàâà 13. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ÀDz¯ ² ÁËÈÇÜÊÎÃÎ ÑÕÎÄÓ 505
1. ÇÀÃÀËÜÍÀ ÕÀÐÀÊÒÅÐÈÑÒÈÊÀ ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÈÕ ÑÈÑÒÅÌ
ÀDz¯ ² ÁËÈÇÜÊÎÃÎ ÑÕÎÄÓ .......... 505
2. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÊÈÒÀÞ............514
3. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ²ÍIJ¯ .......525
4. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ßÏÎͲ¯....... 533
5. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×Ͳ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÈ ÀÐÀÁÑÜÊÈÕ ÄÅÐÆÀ ÁËÈÇÜÊÎÃÎ ÑÕÎÄÓ..........545
6. ÏÎ˲ÒÈ×ÍÀ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ²ÇÐÀ¯ËÞ......... 560